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ADHD UK Medication ADHD medications are classified as 'controlled drugs' and require a specialist clinician to prescribe them. More suggestions are known as stimulants. They include the methylphenidate family (Ritalin, Concerta etc), the amphetamine salts and atomoxetine. Other non-medical treatments like talk therapy are also suggested. Medicines can help with symptoms but they don't change the long-standing negative coping mechanisms. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate, the most common ADHD medication prescribed in the UK is also used to treat narcolepsy and other psychiatric issues. It is also prescribed for narcolepsy, and other psychiatric disorders. It comes in both immediate-release tablets as well as extended-release capsules. The extended-release capsules are less soluble and have a longer-lasting effect. It is usually prescribed for a specific period of time and the exact dosage depends on a person's symptoms. In general, stimulant medicines stimulate the areas of the brain that regulate attention and behavior. They are often referred to as “cognitive enhancers” and help people focus, pay attention and stay on task. Methylphenidate stimulates the activity of areas of the brain that are underactive for ADHD patients. It also enhances the body's ability to use energy. It is sold as Ritalin. A recent study found that prescriptions for methylphenidate have increased eightfold in the UK in the last two decades. This is a major public health concern and suggests that there may be overdiagnosis of ADHD in the UK. Researchers looked at data from the Clinical Practice Research Database (CPRD) which includes the details of all NHS patients registered with a GP in England from 1992 to 2013. The study focuses on drugs that have been approved by the British National Formulary for ADHD and classified as CNS Stimulants. This includes atomoxetine, methylphenidate (including immediate-release methylphenidate and the methylphenidate extended release) as well as dexamphetamine and its derivative lisdexamfetamine as well as modafinil. Pemoline is no longer a licensed drug in the UK because of liver toxicity and therefore was not included in the study. The researchers discovered that methylphenidate was the most commonly prescribed medication prescribed to children 5 and under, with almost a quarter of children having been prescribed it. Despite the fact that National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NIHCE) guidelines suggest medication only as an initial treatment option for children with severe ADHD symptoms This is exactly what happened. They recommend that parents instead consider psychological interventions. The findings suggest that the increase in prescriptions for methylphenidate could be partly down to the availability of mental health services however, it could also be due to the increased recognition of ADHD in younger people and a greater desire to seek treatment and diagnosis. There could also instances of improper prescribing methylphenidate for adolescents and young adults. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenaline receptor inhibitor (SNRI) used to treat ADHD in adolescents and children. It can also be used to treat comorbid signs of anxiety. It is not a stimulant, and it has a low potential for abuse. It has been proven to be effective in clinical studies and is an excellent option for children who are not responding well to stimulants. The long-term safety of this product is not known. Atomoxetine differs than other ADHD medications. It increases the level of a chemical within the brain called noradrenaline. This chemical is responsible for sending messages between nerve cells, and increasing its level can improve concentration and control of impulses. It comes in a capsule and is taken one time per day. It is typically used in conjunction with other treatments such as psychotherapy, cognitive therapy, and educational support. In add adhd medications , atomoxetine was shown to be more effective than placebo when it comes to improving ADHD symptoms. It is well-tolerated and has a lower risk of side risk than stimulants, especially in children. Furthermore, a cost-effectiveness analysis showed that treatment algorithms that included the initial use of atomoxetine were less expensive than those that used dexamfetamine or methylphenidate. This medication can cause serious side effects like suicidal thoughts. If your child exhibits these symptoms, talk to a doctor right away. Many medications like monoamine inhibitors of oxidase (MAOIs), like phenelzine can interact with atomoxetine. If your child is taking MAOIs, you should stop the medication and ask your doctor to suggest a different option. Some people may experience a fatigue, loss of appetite, or stomach discomfort. These side effects may be either severe or mild dependent on the individual. Atomoxetine is associated with an extremely rare but serious condition called hepatic dysfunction, which can cause liver failure. This could be fatal in a few cases. It is therefore important to consult with your doctor before taking this medicine if have a history of liver problems or any other health issues. It is essential to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including herbal and complementary treatments. This includes prescription and non-prescription drugs such as vitamins, minerals, and vitamins. It is essential to inform your doctor if taking any other ADHD medications, like methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine. Inform your doctor if you or your child is pregnant, breastfeeding or contemplating becoming pregnant. Dexamfetamine Dexamfetamine is a stimulant that is used to treat ADHD among adults. It is able to improve concentration and attention, decrease the impulsive behavior and improve mood. It can be taken orally, or as a capsule or solution. It is important that you follow the instructions of your physician. Taken too much or stopped abruptly may cause problems. You should not drive or operate machines if you are taking this medication. Also, you should not carry the medication around without the prescription. Always have proof that you have been prescribed the medication. You should carry your medication to work or school in case you need it during the day. Dexamfetamine should be used with caution in epilepsy patients, since it can decrease the threshold for convulsions. It is not recommended to use in patients who have an underlying blood vessel or cardiac disorders such as coronary heart disease or high blood pressure. It is not recommended to use during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. It is excreted into breast milk, and consequently, there is a risk for the infant. If the symptoms of ADHD get worse, a check-up with the prescriber is recommended. This can help to establish whether the condition is controlled with medications and whether the medicines are appropriate. see this will allow the prescriber to change dosages or switch to other treatments, if required. A doctor will start the patient with a lower dosage and increase it gradually to ensure they are getting the correct level of medication. It is also a good idea to take the tablets at the same time each day, and ideally with food. This will help you remember to take them, and will decrease the chances of not taking your doses. In addition to taking medication, those who suffer from ADHD may benefit from psychoeducation and therapy. This can help children, teens and adults to understand their condition and learn to deal with it. Therapy can assist them in dealing with additional problems such as anxiety or depression. Psychoeducation is a mix of educational material and professional support and therapeutic therapy. It can be behavioural or cognitive. Modafinil Modafinil is a wakefulness-promoting prescription drug that reduces extreme sleepiness that accompanies conditions such as narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and shift work sleep disorder. Modafinil can be used off-label for adults over 18 years old to treat symptoms of ADHD. However, it isn't specifically approved for this use and should only be taken under the supervision of a doctor. It is only available on prescription and must be stored in a safe location away from children. Follow the directions on the prescription label. Consult your physician or pharmacist for clarification if it is difficult to understand any part of the medication. The NHS website describes Modafinil as a sleep-inducing central nervous system stimulant. Modafinil is prescribed for the treatment of the condition of narcolepsy. It is extensively used to treat people suffering from Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and fatigue triggered by sleep apnea/hypopnea, or shift work. Executives, students and military personnel who must stay alert are also popular users. In a recent survey one-in-five UK students admitted taking a “smart-drug” to boost their focus in exams. Jack Rivlin (24), editor of The Tab, a student newspaper in Farringdon, London told BBC Newsbeat he bought modafinil for PS130 on an offshore website last year to help in his study. Although he claims he doesn't believe that modafinil makes him smarter, he admits it has helped him keep up with his class notes and pass his test. It's important to remember that these drugs are not magic bullets and can have serious side effects. In addition to its wakefulness-promoting effects, modafinil can increase the risk of cardiovascular problems in some patients, especially those with heart disease. It may also interact with certain medications, including antidepressants and sedatives. You may also experience withdrawal symptoms and become dependent on the drug if suddenly stop taking it. Like atomoxetine and methylphenidate modafinil is classified as a class B drug, which means that it's illegal to possess or supply. If you are caught, you could be facing up to five years in prison.